Philosophy Syllabus - 1562 Words

Republic of the Philippines BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Gov. Pablo Borbon Main Campus I Batangas City COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Second Semester, AY 2015-2016 COURSE SYLLABUS HUM 102 INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY 3 Units Prerequisite: None UNIVERSITY VISION A University which shapes a global Filipino imbued with moral courage nurtured through values and excellent education. UNIVERSITY MISSION Batangas State University commits to develop productive citizens by providing the highest standard of instruction, research, extension service and production through value-laden learning experiences, community partnership and internationalization initiatives. Course Title: Introduction to†¦show more content†¦| | √ | | | 4.3. Relate the different schools of thoughts of Theism, Ontological Arguments and Cosmological Arguments with different real-life situations. | | | √ | | 4.4. Evaluate the norms and standards set by the society. | | | | √ | 5. THEORIES OF ETHICS | | | | | 5.1. Define Hedonism, Stoicism and Epicureanism. | √ | | | | 5.2. Distinguish and discuss Hedonism, Stoicism and Epicureanism | | √ | | | 5.3. Relate the different schools of thoughts of Hedonism, Stoicism and Epicureanism with different real-life situations | | | √ | | 5.4. Evaluate the norms and standards set by the society. | | | | √ | 6.0 TEACHING, LEARNING AND ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES Being a multidisciplinary subject, Philosophy is taught dynamically. Different teaching strategies are utilized like discussion, brainstorming, exposition, group treatise, Socratic Method of debate and traditional lecture. 7.0 COURSE REQUIREMENTS This course requires students to actively participate in the classroom discourses to be able to measure their critical thinking, analysis and synthesis. Students should pass the quizzes which will be administered regularly after each topic is discussed. They will also be asked to create essay writings on the principles tackled in class. The four major assessments in this course are preliminary, midterm, semi-final and final examinations. The students should get 75Show MoreRelatedTheories of Human Nature 670 Words   |  3 Pagesis theories of human nature, theories of human nature is an historical scope of philosophy. Theories of human nature provides a philosophical analysis into human nature through the investigation of issues, including the mind and body, perceptions and conception, freedom and determinism, death and immortality, the relation of the human to nature and the divine, and reason and emotion (Professor Galgan, Course Syllabus). The two articles written by Dr. Galgan, â€Å"Infinity and Cosmology: an Indirect Approach†Read MoreContemporary Moral Issue Essay2709 Words   |  11 Pages Contemporary Moral Issues Philosophy 215 Fall 2014 Instructor: Valerie Philbrick-DeBrava Office: James Blair 132 Email: vaphilbrickdeb@wm.edu Office Hours: MWF 9:00-10:00 Phone: (804) 642-4621 Course Times: MWF 10:00-10:50 (01) Course Location: James Blair 201 MWF 11:00-11:50 (02) Course Description: Philosophy 215 is designed to improve our understanding of the moral issues our twenty-first-century society faces. As bothRead MoreAnalyzing Sexual And Gender Issues Within The Realm Of1028 Words   |  5 Pagessame demeanor outside of the course time as we talked about his accomplishments and words of advice for students. Dr. Salzman was born in Coos Bay, Oregon and attended the University of San Diego, graduating in 1986 with a bachelor’s degree in Philosophy and Theology and Religious Studies. From there, he obtained his doctorate degree in Theology in 1994 from the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium. Right off the bat, it was easy to find comradery in our meeting as I had a good friend currentlyRead MorePoli 330 Entire Course (Dqs -Checkpoints Critical Paper)9209 Words   |  37 Pagesdisadvantages of having a branch of government that is not democratically elected? Would you change the way the court is appointed? Democracies Compared (graded) Over the past few weeks, we have had the opportunity to explore the roots of political philosophy. Let’s take a moment to focus in upon the idea of democracy. So, what is the true definition of democracy. Week 5 discussion Parliamentary versus Presidential Systems (graded) As we turn our focus to the international realm, let’s take a momentRead MorePoli 330 Entire Course – Devry (Dqs -Checkpoints Critical Paper)4649 Words   |  19 Pagesdisadvantages of having a branch of government that is not democratically elected? Would you change the way the court is appointed? Democracies Compared (graded) Over the past few weeks, we have had the opportunity to explore the roots of political philosophy. Let’s take a moment to focus in upon the idea of democracy. So, what is the true definition of democracy. Week 5 discussion Parliamentary versus Presidential Systems (graded) As we turn our focus to the international realm, let’s take a momentRead MoreWhy Do We Use Quadratic Equations?2263 Words   |  10 Pagescomplicated computations and mathematics. The Muslim world was very fortunate for the Islamic Golden Age because it made their society important. They had many contributions to various fields, such as astronomy, science, mathematics, optics, and philosophy. The Islamic Golden Age really showed how advanced their society was for their time, especially evident by their advancements in mathematics, such as statistical analysis, which was not revisited again until the mid-1600’s. Unlike the IndiansRead MoreClasses On The Study Of Logic In American Colleges Today1321 Words   |  6 Pagesof 3 college classes including the Philosophy 103-Introduction to Logic: Argument and Evidence that I am currently taking. The first syllabus I looked at was that of PHI 215: Introduction to Deductive Logic. This syllabus had a few elements that in comparison to Philosophy 103, could be tweaked in order to render it more effective. I immediately noticed the title of the class. The class is specifically geared towards the study of deductive logic, while Philosophy 103 is more broadly encompassingRead MoreI Am As A Teacher873 Words   |  4 PagesThis final project, a class syllabus, has been no exception and indeed has been the culmination of a semester’s worth of reflection. I worked to create a syllabus that is not hypothetical, but an active and live project that I will use to guide student learning in the Spring semester. The process of developing this syllabus began with my initial write-up and peer critique. I was able to change several aspects of my approach and refine how I would develop my syllabus. After I made changes andRead MoreThe Importance Of The Higher Levels Of Cognitive Complexity Within The Field Of Counseling875 Words   |  4 Pagesmeaning-making capacities. These concepts well explain the wide range of competence among counselors in terms of writing (Granello, 2001), and practicing. Therefore, cognitive development and the constructivism will be the core of this teaching and learning philosophy paper. â€Å"The Best Practice† The â€Å"best† university instructor has been described as having the ability to (a) creating effective learning environments, (b) structuring intentional learning experiences, and (c) assessing teaching effectiveness (MalottRead MoreThree Propositions That The National Board For Professional Teacher Standards1364 Words   |  6 Pagesmy teaching philosophy and feel this is crucial for an educator. The last proposition is that teachers are members of learning communities. It is important for teachers to be involved with other teachers and learn how to improve students learning. Working together with other teachers is important to be on the same page and allow students to see this. The five propositions are very important in teaching, and I have included mostly all of them in my disposition and my teaching philosophy. Throughout

Loyalty As A Virtue Of Ethics - 1997 Words

Alexian Lin Mrs. Willson European Lit, period 6 October 4, 2016 Loyalty in Beowulf Loyalty has always been a virtue of ethics whether it is during the medieval times or during the Chinese dynasties. But why is loyalty needed? Why be loyal to our religion, family, country, or place of business? There are many different definition of loyalty, but the general interpretation of loyalty according to Merriam- Webster dictionary is to be faithful to a person, institution, product, custom, etc. Loyalty is one of the most important qualities a man can possess during the Anglo-Saxon time period. The epic Beowulf is an epic basing off of several Anglo-Saxon values about a hero named Beowulf slaying three terrifying beast. Not only is Beowulf capable of slaying monsters that others cannot, he is also an extremely loyal man who made a lot of sacrifices and continue to do what is right. Throughout the story many of the actions of Beowulf are all motivated by loyalty, beginning with his own decision of helping the Danes. In the epic Beowulf, the poem vividly convey the Anglo-Sax ons heroic trait of loyalty by using the hero Beowulf and the loyalty he gave and received to demonstrate the positive effect of what being loyal is capable of bringing to an organization, a person, or a country. The importance of loyalty is shown by how loyal Beowulf is in the story towards his kings and his country. Beowulf have a strong sense of loyalty to his king. When the news of the monster Grendel spreadShow MoreRelatedThe Application Of Ethical Theories Essay1443 Words   |  6 Pagesyou start down it. Additionally, this violates several of Aristotle’s virtues from Virtue Theory, such as courage and honesty. Altogether, it is clear that it might be difficult, but letting your Chief sign off would not be the right thing to do. 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It states in Ethical Argument, â€Å"†¦virtue ethics tend to play down the importance of principles and stress the nature of the person whoRead MoreManagement1118 Words   |  5 Pages1. Discuss the market system and the need for ethics in business and distinguish it from the law and concepts of virtue and morality. 2. Discuss ethics in the context of relativism, psychological egoism, utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics. 3. Discuss the ideas of character ethic, female ethic, human rights, and ethical action. 4. Discuss the factors influencing employee issues including the right to work, employment at will, due process and employee participation, health and safetyRead MoreEssay on Three Types of Friendship: Nicomachean Ethics869 Words   |  4 Pageslives, and no individual can vouch for friendship like Greek philosopher, Aristotle. Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics delves into this idea of friendship being a necessity as well as conveying the three types of friendship he establishes. 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Stress Management and Time Management Professional Development

Question: Discuss about the term for Stress management and time management tips aid to reduce his stress at work due to overload. Answer: Self-evaluation exercises For the estimation of the personal attributes and employment skills first the employee has to go with the self-assessment exercises, those reflect that where the employee stands now. Where the employee places their employability skills and attributes according to their expertise. After completing this self-assessment exercise, the second approach is to take the help of a friend or relative that will carry out this assessment for you (Austin 2002). Compare both of the self-assessment and assessment of a friend or relative and find out the different views. From all the above, the employee is capable to find out the three skills and attributes in which the employee is expertise and the three skills and attribute on which has to do a lot of work to improve himself (Bates 2012). Table-1: Self-assessment exercise Employability skills For the self-assessment, employee should tick the column from A-E, A is for very good and E is for the weak Communication A B C D E C1 Effective communication with customer/customer awareness/ customer empathy C2 Communication skill regarding letter writing and reporting C3 Effective communication with manager/supervisor/colleagues Working with colleagues A B C D E WC1 Establishment of good relation with different workers of the organization WC2 Assertive and being compromised by the need WC3 Inspiring and motivating work colleagues Improvement in learning and performance skills A B C D E ILPS1 Balance between social life, studies, part-time and house commitments ILPS2 Settlement and achievement of goals ILPS3 Acceptance of consecutive criticism and learning from this ILPS4 Work planning and stickiness to the deadlines ILPS5 Ability to work unsupervised that is alone Problem solving PS1 Calm under the stress condition PS2 Better decision making PS3 Clearly identifying a problem before deciding a solution for same PS4 Knowing about the losses of their solution PS5 Implementation of practical solution Number application A B C D E NA1 Appropriate calculation while serving customers NA2 Ability to interpret data Proficiency In information technology PIT1 Usage of information technology application for supporting work task, cash handling, reservation, ticketing, stock keeping PIT2 Preparation of information such as letters and reports through information technology PIT3 For editing and organizing data, such as using spreadsheet, manipulating databases, the use of information technology PIT4 Information technology used for creating tables and charts Table-2: self-assessment exercise Personal attributes Understanding of work/business world awareness A B C D E UWA1 Knowledge about the organization work, for example management structures UWA2 Ability of adjustment of timekeeping, work hours and shift demand UWA3 Flexibility in a task that is taking new tasks/responsibilities UWA4 Understanding within the business and operational system Motivation A B C D E M1 Cooperation willingness M2 Commitment given to the organization M3 Positive attitude at the time of personal problem M4 Work hard and going to ideas and progress task quickly Adaptability and flexibility A B C D E AF1 Ability to cope with the uncertainty and change within the organization AF2 Positive attitude to change Ethical integrity and awareness EIA1 Being honest at the situation when the being truthful is very difficult EIA2 Having tact in solving the sensitive issues EIA3 Consideration of ethical issues at work EIA4 Assurance of confidential data to keep confidential Leadership A B C D E L1 Supervising others L2 Helpfully to the new colleagues when they start work L3 Helping the other colleagues those are less experienced Self-confidence A B C D E SC1 Confidently and effectively dealing with the customers SC2 Confidently liaising with the colleagues SC3 Confidently liaising with the managers SC4 Confidently dealing with awkward customers SC5 Able to express their opinion clearly SC6 Able to value yourself in case any work is done wrong Initiative and creative A B C D E IC1 Able to build new ideas IC2 Building on others idea IC3 Inappropriate situation ability to act independently Judgment A B C D E J1 Able to form a reliable opinion about others J2 Knowledge of when to request for assistance J3 Time management Table-3: Self-assessment exercise Employability skills The employee three best employability skills 1. 2 3 The three employability skills in which the employee has to improve 1. 2. 3. Personal attributes The employees three best personal attributes 1. 2. 3. The three personal attributes in which the employee has to improve 1. 2. 3. Self-assessment results After completing the self-assessment exercise and having a discussion session with a friend or relative, there is clear understanding of following facts. What are the strengths of the employee, looking for what opportunities at work will support to demonstrate these strengths and final collection of these evidences for the addition in a job application at the time of interview (Brusilovsky and Sosnovsky 2005). The employee will also know about the area in which he has to do a lot of work to improve and the ways of improvement in these areas and after this collect the evidences of improvement. SWOT analysis For the self-assessment, the employee can have a better assessment through the SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis can easily help an employee to explore his strengths and weakness and also can analyze the opportunities and threats. Because with the help of SWOT analysis the meaning of all these facts shall be clear. From the all above understanding, the employee should follow the strategies and tips of experts to improve their weaknesses. Regarding this, the employee has to design a personal development plan that should be noted in his learning diary. The goal desired for the achievement of goals: For the achievement of this goal, the area of weakness for those he works to improve such as social, mental, spiritual, emotional, moral, physical aspects those affect the human behavior of motivation, leadership, delegation, assertiveness, positive thinking, stress, team building and decision making. Especially select the appropriate time for the achievement of goals. For the appropriate implication of the personal development program an employee should prepare his learning diary and the employee should write weekly about the learning improvement of all the aspects of learning by application of theoretical aspects of all the following Stress management Time management Decision making Positive thinking Motivation, assertiveness, delegation, team building and performance evaluation In the current personal development planning, first the employee has to be taken out their self-assessment exercise. From these self-assessment exercises the employee will gain the knowledge about their three skills and strengths in which he has to work for improvement and the three skills and strength in which has expertise and also about the three personal attributes that are strong and three personal attributes in which he has to work on. The SWOT analysis supports the employee in a way that he can easily analyze about the exact definition of strength and weakness. By knowing all these the employee access to explore their strengths and find the evidence where the employee can show these strengths and can finalize the goal of their life and make strategies to overcome the weakness for the achievement of the goal (Stewart and Powell 2004). But with this self-assessment exercise the employee can improve himself and also the performance of his team by improving his delegation, motivat ion, assertiveness. So the inventory of self-assessment exercise with the help of SWOT analysis can help the employee in a positive way for the achievement of his goal (VanĆºk, Mikol and Ã…Â ½vkov 2012). Stress management Some workplace stress is normal. But the excessive stress in the workplace can affect the performance and productivity of an employee at work. There are a number of steps which can lead the life of an employee to lower stress state. Acquiring responsibility to improve your physical and emotional aspect Attempting to reduce their negative attribute which sum up the stress in the workplace Ameliorate your communication skill to improve the relations with coworkers and management. Tips for stress management Recognize the warning signs of stress at work When you feel burdened with the excessive work then you will lose confidence and get irritated. This will affect your performance at work and decrease the productivity at the workplace (Davies 2005). Also, this stress will cause the health problems to the employee. The signs of excessive stress on the workplace are Loss of interest in work Feeling irritable and anxious Sleeping problems Stomach problems Fatigue Trouble concentrating Social withdrawal Consumption of alcohol or smoking to cope with stress Reduction of stress by acquiring responsibility of your own health When the stress affects your productivity and performance, it also results in commitment of more and more of mistakes by that concerned employee. When you take care of yourself, you will be free from any type of illness, strong and your ability to cope with stress increases. You can exercise the following activities for this purpose Regular exercise can relieve the stress Take the diet that can reduce the condition of stress Talking to alternative listener can lead to reduce stress Get enough sleep Reduce the workplace, stress by prioritizing and organizing your work For reducing the stress select the large project should be divided into the smaller projects, then work on it. You can also delegate the responsibility of any task, if other people can take the responsibility of the same. You ask of supervising every step (Laungani 1993). Reduce the workplace stress, through emotional intelligence Self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and relation management are four components of emotional intelligence. For the emotional intelligence, you have to concentrate that when you are stressed, stay connected to your emotional experience, develop the capacity to fight with challenges through humor and try to resolve conflicts positively (Fuchs and Schwarzer 1993). Reduce the workplace stress, through avoiding bad habits Resist perfectionism, clean up your act, reduce your negative thinking, and not try to control the uncontrollable things. All these acts will grow to improve your bad habits. Time management Time management is also very effective tool to manage the stress in the workplace. This can be managed by following tips Creation of balanced schedule: analyze your work schedule, tasks and responsibility at work. Try to leave for a job earlier in the morning: Try to leave for job 10-15 minutes prior, it will decrease the stress of rushing to your desk and start your work. Plan for small break at work: schedule your time for short breaks at work for a walk, or to sit back and for clearing your mind and also schedule to get out from your desk at lunch time, it will help to relax and get recharged for the work (Sultan, Joireman and Sprott 2011). Do not over-commit yourself: try to drop tasks that are at the bottom of the list or eliminate them totally. Do not be over-commit to those unnecessary works. Positive thinking Positive thinking has the benefit of enhanced ability of improvement of skills and the development of resources in the future (Dunlap 2008). The positive thinking can also increase the performance of employees and also the productivity at the workplace. For increasing the positive thinking you should do the following things-- Meditation: Studies revealed that the people who practice meditation daily have more positive thinking than the people who do not practice. People who meditate regularly also construct long-term valuable skills (Hall. m, Treharne and Smith 2015). Play: Schedule your time for playing daily. We schedule meeting, conference, weekly events and our responsibilities then why we do not schedule our time-table for playing which is helpful in increasing positive thinking. Writing: Writing is also the best tool for positive thinking. When we start writing the daily positive experience of our life, it will bring to your mood swing and increase the positive thinking revealed by the research studies (Ellwood 2011). Decision making For the better decision making an employee has to develop the qualities of critical thinkers and has self-control. A critical thinker has following qualities for better decision making. Thinking about the issues in a critical and objective way Identification of different arguments regarding the issues Evaluation of point to determine the validation issue or argument Recognition of negative points regarding these arguments Provide reasoning and support to argue that you wish to make Sometime an employee thinks for decision in a critical way, but their self-control is elevated by anger, joy or grief. This will also affect the decision making process. So for better decision making process critical thinking and self- control are must. Successful Delegation The steps for successful delegation are Task definition: In the mind of the employee it should be clear that the task is suitable for delegates. Whether, it will meet the criteria of delegation (Grainger, 2014). Selection of team or individual: the reason for delegating a person or team. What he gets out of it? What you will get out of it. Assessment of ability and training needs: if the other people know to perform the task. If they know what is needed to do? If they do not know cancel the delegation. Explanation of reasons: You should explain why the responsibilities or job are delegated? Why that person or team. State required results: what will be achieved by this delegation? This can be understood by getting feedback from others. They must know that how you intend to decide about the successfulness of task (Hathaway, 2009). Consideration of required resources: consider the requirement for the task, such as equipment, money, premises, money, material etc. Deadline agreement: The date for the finishing of the job, if it is continuous job then fixes the review date. Communication and support: think about the other person who has to be known about the task and inform him. Take the support of others by informing them about the task. Feedback on result: It is important to know the team that they are achieving the goal or not by giving them the feedback (Huston 2009). Motivation Motivation word derives from the word motive the means of which is someone desires needs and wants. This is the method to stimulate the individual to meet the goals. At work, there are different physiological factor which can stimulate an employee. These are Job-satisfaction, Money desire, success, recognition and teamwork (Kneale 2007). The responsibility of a leader is to motivate the team that they can work with the best of their abilities. It consists of different stages which are as follows. Stage-1: A felt drive or need Stage-2: A stimulus which will stimulate the arouse Stage-3: the needs are satisfied and also the satisfaction of goals So the motivation is a physiological process in which the need of the employee should be satisfied in the form of incentives. Assertiveness If an employee is assertive, he will ask for their wants or needs, but not necessarily get them. Assertiveness helps in building self-confidence and improves the relationship at work and family relationship. For the development of assertiveness following skills should be improved. Skill of valuing yourself and rights Identification of your needs wants and desire and ask the organization for their satisfaction Skill to express your negative thoughts in a healthy and positive manner Skill of receiving complaints and criticism positively Skill of saying No when it is needed Team building Team building very good process to unite the employee in the team, to develop strength and to address the weakness but if it is done strategically. While planning for team building first consider the problems faced by the team (Norkunas 2011). Think about the strength and weakness of your current team and following question. Has there is any type of conflict between decision making members of the team Do the members of the team need to know about each other Is some members of the team are concentrating their own success only and harm the team? Is the poor communication affecting the success of the team? Do the workers know how to work together rather than individually? Are some worker resistant to change and this is affecting the growth of the team (Smith, 2001). Performance evaluation Performance is the best tool for the employee development and improvement support. For the enhancement of performance evaluation following points should be considered. For the regular performance evaluation, determine a schedule with those you manage directly. Regularly deliver the constructive and positive feedback (Brien and Jones, 2014). Improve your leadership and management skills. Train the employees in such a way to reinforce for desired behavior and two way communication skill. Support the carrier and professional development By the application of all above theories of motivation, assertiveness, delegation, team building, performance evaluation for others and stress management, time management, decision making, positive thinking an employee can manage himself and others in an appropriate manner (ROSKAM 2004). First of all, by doing self-assessment, an employee can analyze or evaluate his strengths and strength which he has to work a lot to improve and also his weakness (Lee 2010). By evaluating all these he can attempt to improve his weakness. With the help of this self-assessment, the employee can improve his weakness and can manage his weakness and others at work. Conclusion: Stress management and time management tips aid to reduce his stress at work due to overload. For the better decision making process, an employee should follow the rule of critical thinking and self- control. For the positive thinking, employee should try to do regular meditation, playing and writing of positive experience. For the management of others, he should follow the theoretical aspects of motivation, delegation, assertiveness, the team building and performance evaluation (McKelvey 2014). To know the effectiveness of these theories the employee should follow his learning dairy weekly and evaluate the improvement of his weakness. In the last it was concluded that with self-assessment exercise, the employee can achieve his goal by going on the right path of exploring his skills and improving his weakness (Cureton 2012). With the help to the improvement the employee can manage his stress, time, decision making and positive thinking and also manage others through delegation, assertiveness, motivation, team building and performance evaluation theoretical aspects. References Austin, J. (2002). Self and Others.Circa, (101), p.40. Bates, T. (2012). Professional learning in professional communities: the ultimate goal.Professional Development in Education, 38(4), pp.511-516. Brusilovsky, P. and Sosnovsky, S. (2005). Individualized exercises for self-assessment of programming knowledge.J. Educ. Resour. Comput., 5(3), p.6-es. Cureton, A. (2012). From Self-Respect to Respect for Others.Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 94(2), pp.166-187. Davies, R. (2005). Don't stress! [work-related stress].Engineering Management, 15(1), pp.20-23. Dunlap, C. (2008). Effective evaluation through appreciative inquiry.Performance Improvement, 47(2), pp.23-29. Ellwood, F. (2011). Understanding the importance of a personal development plan.Dental Nursing, 7(3), pp.160-163. Fuchs, R. and Schwarzer, R. (1993). Stress and stress management at the workplace.Anxiety, Stress Coping, 6(2), pp.153-154. Grainger, A. (2014). Your personal development plan.Br J Healthcare Assistants, 8(1), pp.6-6. Hall-McMaster, S., Treharne, G. and Smith, C. (2015). 'The positive feel': Unpacking the role of positive thinking in people with multiple sclerosis's thinking aloud about staying physically active.Journal of Health Psychology. Hathaway, L. (2009). Three steps to successful delegation.Nursing Made Incredibly Easy!, 7(6), p.4. Huston, C. (2009). 10 tips for successful delegation.Nursing, 39(3), pp.54-56. Kneale, P. (2007). Personal Development Planning (PDP) really happens at work.Planet, (18), pp.33-35. Laungani, P. (1993). Cultural differences in stress and its management.Stress Medicine, 9(1), pp.37-43. Lee, W. (2010). Consultative instructor supervision and evaluation.Performance Improvement, 49(5), pp.26-30. McKelvey, C. (2014). The Power of Positive Thinking.msdf. Norkunas, M. (2011). Teaching to Listen: Listening Exercises and Self-Reflexive Journals.Oral History Review, 38(1), pp.63-108. OBrien, J. and Jones, K. (2014). Professional learning or professional development? Or continuing professional learning and development? Changing terminology, policy and practice.Professional Development in Education, 40(5), pp.683-687. ROSKAM, G. (2004). Plutarch on Self and Others.Ancient Society, 34(0), pp.245-273. Smith, G. (2001). Making the team [project team building and leadership].IEE Review, 47(5), pp.33-36. Stewart, B. and Powell, S. (2004). Team building and team working.Team Performance Management, 10(1/2), pp.35-38. Sultan, A., Joireman, J. and Sprott, D. (2011). Building consumer self-control: The effect of self-control exercises on impulse buying urges.Marketing Letters, 23(1), pp.61-72. VanĆºk, M., Mikol, M. and Ã…Â ½vkov, K. (2012). Evaluation Methods of Swot Analysis / Metody Vyhodnocen Swot Analzy.GeoScience Engineering, 58(2).

The Lesson free essay sample

The Lesson, written by Toni Cade Bambara, the question of inequality and poverty arises in response to the juxtaposition of the two neighborhoods in the story, Harlem and Manhattan. Bambara introduces children as the most important occupants of a typical New York slum, mainly in regards to their ability to escape the constraints of their own environment. As highlighted in the story, the elders of this African American community have accepted the social inequality and the economic conditions without question, which only hinders their ability to break away. To contrast this complacency, Miss Moore is portrayed as an independent, educated, and liberal African American woman who not only recognizes the lack of democracy, but who also seeks to educate children and encourage them to demand more from their society. In order highlight the gap between the rich and poor, Miss Moore brings the children to F. A. O Schwarz on Fifth Avenue so they can learn firsthand of their own social conditions compared to the conditions of others. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lesson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Through Sylvia, the story’s narrator, and her friends Sugar and Q. T, Bambara is able to shed light on the hardships of the poor, while also hinting at the need for a change of attitude within poor African Americans. Additionally, Bambara focuses on the meaning of money in each neighborhood. Sylvia, the most out-spoken and prideful of the group, immediately recognizes the differences between her community, most likely Harlem, and that of which Fifth Avenue, Manhattan. Although Sylvia cannot recognize her own neighborhood as a slum, or the occupants as poor in the beginning, she slowly realizes that everyone is not equal through the distribution of wealth. Sylvia is angered by the prices in F. A. O Schwarz because she knows that the items for sale are just toys, and that these toys would never take precedent over other things her parents desperately struggle to buy. This is apparent when Sylvia thinks of the thirty-five dollar clown in the store: â€Å"Thirty-five dollars could buy new bunk beds for Junior and Gretchen’s boy. Thirty-five dollars and the whole household could go visit Granddaddy Nelson in the country. Thirty-five dollars would pay for the rent and the piano bill too† (Bambara 94). Although Sylvia cannot directly face the injustices that surround her by speaking outwardly, she inwardly questions the frivolity of the wealthy in order to keep the realities of the situation at bay. Sylvia knows that the prices in the store are outrageous and that she could easily get the toys elsewhere, but what really bothers her is the fact that people actually have the money to buy the toys that are only imitations of the real thing. For instance, the price of the sailboat confuses Sylvia because she knows that not only can she build one herself for fifty cents, but that the toy boats costs as much as a real boat. Sylvia demonstrates a maturity that allows her to separate her wants from her needs, which is what seemingly distinguishes the wealthy from the poor in the story. Sylvia’s shame to enter the store and her inevitable jealously only fuels her desire to find out how others are able to make money and buy expensive things; she questions why she â€Å"ain’t in on it,† which is only answered by her recollection of Miss Moore’s words that symbolize the connection between where you live and who you are. In the end Sylvia has gained a new perspective of herself, her community, and her race as a whole. She recognizes the unfair advantage the wealthy have over the poor, which only stimulates her desire for a better future. Sugar, perhaps the most disgusted by the inequalities she is presented with, fascinates Miss Moore with her views on society. Sugar, like Sylvia, feels that the money spent on frivolous items like a paperweight or toy microscope would be enough to last a family like hers a lifetime. Sugar silently goes through the toy store in astonishment, touching the toy boat as if she were in a museum. Sugar’s behavior in the store is indicative of her absorption in the atmosphere and in her own thoughts; normally Sugar has no problem being outlandish, but within this environment she is restrained and serious. For example, Sugar feels an inability to even enter the store, yet she is fully capable of entering a church with the intention of fulfilling a dare or yelling obscenities at a cab driver. It is clear that Sugar is amazed by the prices of the toys in the store, relating the price of the toy boat to the price of food: â€Å"You know, Miss Moore, I don’t think all of us here put together eat in a year what that sailboat costs† (Bambara 95). Sugar’s response to Miss Moore’s question is surprising not only to Miss Moore but to Sylvia as well; Sugar feels a certain responsibility to speak about the inequalities and injustices that face her community because they now seem so clear to her. Before visiting Fifth Avenue Sugar had nothing to compare her neighborhood to, and most likely believed that everyone was equal, but now she recognizes that she lives in a completely different world than those in Manhattan. Additionally, Sugar’s response demonstrates her strong beliefs because she was not reluctant to address Miss Moore and she continued to do so knowing that Sylvia didn’t want her to speak. Sugar’s views reflect the idea that the toys in F. A. O Schwarz indicate the inequality of society and the absence of democracy. Q. T. , the youngest member of the group, brings forth the idea of wanting something that is out of reach. Though Q. T. may be too young to fully understand the reasoning behind his poverty, he still recognizes that F. A. O Schwarz is a store predominately for wealthy people. Q. T. being the youngest, has the greatest chance of breaking the cycle within his own community because of his early recognition of the wealthy lifestyle. His obsession with the toy boat has the ability to manifest itself in his future life choices to become educated, wealthy, and equal to others. Q. T. ’s unwavering stare at the toy boat also serves as an accurate depicti on of a child who has spent most of his life in the slums; Q. T. desires a toy that he inherently knows he cannot have and does not approach the situation with any animosity towards those who cannot provide it for him. Even at his age, Q. T. holds maturity, like the rest of the children, which allows him to differentiate between practicality and impracticality. The Lesson, true to its name, depicts the invaluable learning experience of Sylvia, Sugar, Q. T. , and other children who also live in the poverty-stricken neighborhood of Harlem. These characters, unaware of their social and economic constraints, are forced to recognize, question, and examine why their lives differ from those who live in Manhattan. Through the trip to F. A. O Schwarz and Miss Moore’s encouragement, the children encounter a world that sharply contrasts to their own. In seeing the prices of meaningless items in the store, the children immediately learn that they are faced with extreme injustices and have been simply excluded from the world in which they visit. Money, to these children, is the distinction between life and death, and yet to the wealthy patrons of the store, money is spent abundantly and carelessly. After witnessing the inequalities they face, the children vow to take control of their future before it’s too late.